THE COMPARISON OF ACCURACY IN KICKING BETWEEN WINNING AND LOSING IN SILAT 28th 2015 SEA GAMES SINGAPORE

Shapie, M. N. M (1,2) & Amirul, A.N.19 (1)

1.Fakulti Sains Sukan dan Rekreasi, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor.
2. Pertubuhan Seni Gayung Fatani Malaysia

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to describe the comparison of accuracy in kicking between winning and losing in silat 28th 2015 Sea Game Singapore.  A video recording from www.youtube.com during the match was use for the analysis. The skills outcome into three categories, which is hit target, hit elsewhere, and miss opponent. Independent sample t-test used to analyse the data between winner and loser. Through this studies, the result shows that the accuracy of Men’s class A accuracy is higher than Men’s class D which higher percentage on hit elsewhere and miss opponent.

Introduction.
The purpose of this study was to describe the detailed activity that occurs during the fight time of a silat bout.
  Material and methods.
A freely accessible video recording of Vietnam silat matches in Sea Games Singapore 2015 from YouTube was utilized for investigation. The system used to identify 14 different types of event performed by the 2 contestants as well as the start and end of action periods. An intraoperator reliability study revealed that the strength of agreement for action was moderate (k = 0.44), the athlete performing the
action was moderate (k = 0.47) and the outcome of an action was fair (k = 0.25).
Results. 
The table shows that Vietnam athletes produce more kicking compare than their opponents.Unfortunately there is a lot of mistake such as hit elsewhere and miss shows high result.

Conclusions.
The data about the nature of the activity performed within fight periods can be combined with the analysis done by previous study to provide a detailed description of the demands of the sport and assist in the development of specific training programmers. The approach used here would be useful to apply to other sports whose work and rest periods have been investigated to give a greater understanding of the type and frequency of action within the work periods.

3.0 Introduction

Accuracy or precision is the ability to accurately attack an opponent and precisely hit the body to get point. In silat, accuracy is one of the most important aspects. Accuracy is also what makes the difference between winning and losing in a silat tanding match. Besides that, other silat component is the efficiency entry system. It is one of the technique that able you to move fast and accurately to approach the opponent. Furthermore, other silat component is the accurateness of follow-up techniques. The system allows accurate punching and kicking techniques. Accurate finishing techniques are more effective in immobilizing the opponent.
The purpose of this research is to determine the comparison of accuracy between winning and losing in silat 28th 2015 SEA GAMES in Singapore. In order to obtain valid data, it is needed to use a high quality and empirically tested instrument. The purpose of this instrument is to measure the attacking accuracy of the fighters. Based on the video, the score is taken based on the accuracy of fighters that hit the target. In conclusion, the accuracy of the fighter is what determine the winner and loser of the match.

4.0 Material and Method

Match Analysis

A freely accessible video recording of Vietnam silat matches in Sea Games Singapore 2015 from YouTube was utilized for investigation.. This was a Man semi-final and final match of class A of the 45-50 kg weight category and a man quater-final and semi-final matches of class C of the 55-60 kg weight category. Subsequent player motion analysis was carried out using a commercial video player. The system was used to identify 14 different types of event performed by the two male contestants as well as the start and end of action periods.
To have an accurate result of the games, the sequences of video were repeated where necessary and the playback rate was reduced to 50%. Other than that, the video will be paused and played back for ease of use. Information has been entered into the computer system, via representation on the screen of the silat match, and specially designed screen functions for each exponent (red or blue), action and outcome for each activity. The frequency, mean duration and percentage of total time were subsequently calculated. An r reliability study of fights was undertaken to establish the reliability of the method.
Motion categories
Silat exponent’s motions were coded into 14 different types of categories and were defined as follows:
Punch:
Punching is often used to fight the opponent. It can be a straight punch ‘tumbuk lurus’ or uppercut ‘sauk’ to the exponent body’s.
Kick:
There are 3 types of kicking that are, ‘ tendang depan’, side-kick ‘depak’ or semi-circular side kick ‘tendang lengkar’.
Block:
Arms, elbows and legs can be used for blocking opponent’s attack. 

Catch:
Catching by using the hand is to obstruct the opponent from carrying out an attack. The silat exponent is able to prevent himself from being attacked by pointing the attack which he has caught to another direction. 

Topple:
There are many ways of toppling down an opponent. For instance , a silat exponent ‘pesilat’ can either push, shove the opponent’s back leg from the bag or from the side, shove, hit, kick, strike or punch to make the opponent lose his balance. Every fall is considered valid as long as the silat exponent topples his opponent down.
Sweep:
Swiping ‘sapuan’ is an attacking opponent’s leg which are on the ground to unstabilise him and bring down to the ground.

Evade/Dodge:
The evade ‘elakan’ technique is carried out by silat exponent when he tries to evade an attack.

Self-Release:
Self-release ‘lepas tangkapan’ technique is a technique to unlock any clinch or catch from an opponent [11].
Block and Punch:
Counter attack using the hand to punch the opponent after blocking opponent’s attack.
Block and Kick:
Counter attack using the leg to kick the opponent after blocking opponent’s attack.
Block and Sweep:
Counter attack using the sweeping technique to the opponent after blocking opponent’s attack.
Fake Punch:
fake punch is an action used to make opponent confuse in order to break their defensive.

Fake Kick:
fake kick is an action used to make opponent confuse in order to break their defensive.

Others:
Refer to “sikap pasang and “pola langkah”

5.0 Statistical analysis
The data will be frequency counted, a method of recording in observational research in which the researcher records each occurrence clearly defined behavior within a certain time frame . All the raw data generated by the FOCUS System was exported into Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet and then transferred into SPSS for more detailed analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Scientists, version 14.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL). An independent samples t-test is used t to compare the means of a normally distributed interval dependent variable for two independent groups.
6.0 Results

MENS 50 KG CLASS A FINAL
VIETNAM ( NGOC VU MINH DIEP) BLUE VS INDONESIA ( AWALUDDIN NUR ) RED




Vietnam   
Indonesia
Action
Hit Target
Hit Elsewhere
Miss opponent
Total
Hit Target
Hit Elsewhere
Miss opponent
Total
Block
3


3
1


1
Block and Punch






4
4
Block and kick








Kick
12
10
2
24
1
7
7
15
Fake Kick
4


4
2

10
12
Punch
4
5
2
11
2

6
8
Fake punch
2


2
1

8
9
Self Release




3
1

4
Topple
1
5
2
8


3
3
Sweep
2

6
8
1

5
6
Catch
3

4
7
2
2
3
7
Dodge
8

3
11
6

4
10
Total
39
20
19
78
19
10
50
79

Table 1.0 frequency of action and outcomes recorded during the game.

Group Statistics

group
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
score
VIETNAM
3
26.0000
11.26943
6.50641
INDONESIA
3
26.3333
20.98412
12.11519


MENS 50 KG CLASS A SEMI-FINAL
VIETNAM ( NGOC VU MINH DIEP) RED VS MALAYSIA ( RIDZUAN ) BLUE




Vietnam   
Malaysia
Action
Hit Target
Hit Elsewhere
Miss opponent
Total
Hit Target
Hit Elsewhere
Miss opponent
Total
Block
2


2
3


3
Block and Punch








Block and kick








Kick
7
2
3
12
4
5
4
13
Fake Kick
4


4
5


5
Punch
5
3
3
11
2
6
6
14
Fake punch
3


3
4


4
Self Release
2


2
1


1
Topple
2


2
3


3
Sweep
8
2
3
13
4
6
6
16
Catch
10


10
7


7
Dodge
4


4
2


2
Total
47
7
9
63
35
17
16
68

Table 2.0 frequency of action and outcomes recorded during the game


Group Statistics

group
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
score
VIETNAM
3
21.0000
22.53886
13.01281
MALAYSIA
3
22.6667
10.69268
6.17342


MENS 60 KG CLASS C QUARTER-FINAL
VIETNAM ( NGUYEN NGUYEN THAI LINHRED VS SINGAPOREMOHD HAZIQBLUE



Vietnam   
Singapore
Action
Hit Target
Hit Elsewhere
Miss opponent
Total
Hit Target
Hit Elsewhere
Miss opponent
Total
Block
2
0
2
4
3


3
Block and Punch
0
0
0
0




Block and kick
0
0
0
0




Kick
5
3
2
10
2
3
7
12
Fake Kick
3
0
0
3
7


7
Punch
4
3
0
5
5
1
4
10
Fake punch
8
0
0
8
2


2
Self Release
1
0
0
1




Topple
0
0
0
0
7


7
Sweep
6
0
0
8


2
2
Catch
7
0
1
8
7


7
Dodge
0
0
0
0
2


2
Total
38
6
5
49
35
4
13
52

Table 3.0 frequency of action and outcomes recorded during the game
Group Statistics

group
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
score
VIETNAM
3
16.3333
18.77054
10.83718
SINGAPORE
3
17.3333
15.94783
9.20748


MENS 60 KG CLASS C SEMI-FINAL
VIETNAM ( NGUYEN NGUYEN THAI LINH) RED VS LAOS ( THAMMAVONG TOTO) BLUE

Vietnam

LAOS
Action
Hit Target
Hit Elsewhere
Miss opponent
Total
Hit Target
Hit Elsewhere
Miss opponent
Total
Block
4


4
2


2
Block and Punch



0



0
Block and kick



0



0
Kick
10
2
4
16
3
7
9
19
Fake Kick
3


3
2


2
Punch
2
1
3
6
5
1
5
11
Fake punch
2


2
1


1
Self Release
4


4



0
Topple
2


2
8


8
Sweep
10

3
13
2


2
Catch
10


10
10


10
Dodge
2


2
1


1
Total
49
3
10
62
34
8
14
56

Table 4.0 frequency of action and outcomes recorded during the game


Group Statistics

group
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
score
VIETNAM
3
20.6667
24.78575
14.31006
LAOS
3
18.6667
13.61372
7.85988

7.0 Discussion

Table 1.0 shows the frequency of action and outcomes recorded during the final game for category A. Based on the table Vietnam produced 30% of the  kicking actions and Indonesia produced 19% of kicking action during the game. Vietnam’s kicking is more accurate compare than Indonesia. 24 kicks was produced by Vietnam’s, 12 kicks is hit the target, 10 hit elsewhere and 2 kicks are miss opponent. While Indonesia produced 15 kicks and only one hit target, 7 hit elsewhere and another 7 kicks are miss opponent. It shows that Vietnam won this match due their kicking point. Even though Vietnam have a high accuracy in kicking but they still need to have a specific training that aims of the kicking accuracy as they may reduce the hit elsewhere and miss opponent. However, it is important to know that any local muscular fatigue experienced during a match maybe more likely to occur in the lower limbs due to the large number of kicks performed in a short period of time.
Table 2.0 shows the frequency of action and outcomes recorded during the semi-final game for category A. In this game Vietnam faced Malaysia and they won this game and go to final. 63 action and outcomes was notional for Vietnam and 19% of the outcome representative of kicking. 7 kicks was hit the target, 2 was hit elsewhere and 3 was miss opponent. The table also shows that Malaysia produce more kicks compare than Vietnam. 13 kicks that had been produced but unfortunately only 4 hit the target, 5 hit elsewhere and 4 miss opponent. The table also indicate that Vietnam won due to kicks, sweep and punch.
Table 3.0 shows the frequency of action and outcomes recorded during the quarter-final game for category C. In this game Vietnam faced Singapore and Vietnam was won this game. 49 action and outcomes was notional for Vietnam and 20% of the outcome representative of kicking.in this match less kicks was produced by Vietnam and they get point from sweep instead of kicks. 5 kicks was hit the target, 3 was hit elsewhere and 2 was miss opponent. The table also shows that Singapore produce more kicks compare than Vietnam. 12 kicks that had been produced but unfortunately only 2 hit the target, 3 hit elsewhere and 7 miss opponent. The table also indicate that Vietnam won due to kicks, sweep and punch.
Table 4.0 shows the frequency of action and outcomes recorded during the quarter-final game for category C. In this game Vietnam faced Laos and Vietnam was won this game. 62 action and outcomes was notional for Vietnam and 25% of the outcome representative of kicking.in this match Vietnam have produce same number in sweep and kicking. 5 kicks was hit the target, 3 was hit elsewhere and 2 was miss opponent. The table also shows that Laos produce more kicks compare than Vietnam. 19 kicks that had been produced but unfortunately only 3 hit the target, 7 hit elsewhere and 9miss opponent. The table also indicate that Vietnam won due to kicks, sweep and punch.

8.0 Conclusion

Post-event analysis of hand notation indicates that the prototype system developed for this study can be used to record and evaluate a silat match. This study complemented with those of the broad work and rest study undertaken by Shapie et al.. The current study has provided a great understanding of information for the silat by looking at the activity involved in competition. Both of the exponents performed more high intensity actions than low intensity actions However it is important to understand that high intensity actions will contribute more in the score points rather than low intensity actions.
There is also a range of frequency in attacking and defensive activities used by both of the exponents. The winner used more kicks than the loser which may reflect greater skill or fitness or both. However, it is still doubtful that these are the only factors that influence the match. It is recommended that future studies determine the full range of activities performed with movement classifications and the variation of strikes that contribute to losing and winning the match. Shapie M.N.M. et al.,The implication from a coaching perspective of the types and frequencies of strikes used would suggest that in training, a large proportion of time needs to be utilised in development of kicking and blocking as well as the conditioning of lower limbs in order to absorbs strikes and resist fatigue during a match to being able to defend and counter attack effectively.


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Pencak Silat Tanding Category Vietnam vs Singapore (Day 6) | 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015

Pencak Silat Tanding Men's Class A Final INA vs VIE (Day 9) | 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015

Pencak Silat Tanding Class E-F Quarter Finals (Day 7) | 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015

Pencak Silat Tanding Class Semi-Final (Day 8) | 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015


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10.0 Recommendation



Specific training must have in the training in order to produce accuracy in the kicking. Resistance training combine with agility and reaction time is one of the best method to sharpness the accuracy. 





































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